CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE


Many consider Charles Peirce the most original and versatile intellect from the united state;he was born in Cambridge,Massachusetts.He made important contributions to an amazing number of disciplines,including mathematics,astronomy,chemistry,geodesy,metrology,engineering,psychology,philology,the history of science, and economics.He was also an inventor, a life student of medicine,a book reviewer, a dramatist and a actor, a story writer, a phenomenologist, a logician , and a mataphysicians.He is noted as the preeminent system building philosopher competent and productive in logic, mathematics, and a wide range of sciences.His father, Benjamin Peirce, was a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Harvard.Peirce attended Harvard(1855-1859) and received a Harvard master of arts degree(1862) and an advanced degree in chemistry from the Lawrence Scientific School(1863).His father in encouraged him to pursue a career in science,but instead he cose to study logic and scientific methodology.
In 1861,become an id in the United States Cost Survey, with the goal of better understanding scientific methodology.His service for the Survey exempted him form military service during the Civil War.While working for the Survey, Peirce carried out astronomical and geodesic work.He made fundamental contributions to the design of pendulums and to map projections applying new mathematical development in the theory of elliptic functions.He was the first person to use the wave length of light as a unit of measurement.Peirce rose to the position of Assistant for the Survey, a position he held until he was forced to resign in 1891 when he disagreed with the direction taken by the Survey's new administration.
Although making his living from work in the physical science, Peirce developed a hierarchy of sciences, with mathematics at the top rung, in which the methods of one science could be adapted for use by those sciences under it in the hierarchy.He was also founder of the American Philosophical theory of pragmatism.
The only academic position Peirce ever held was a lecturer in logic at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore from 1879 to 1884.His mathematical work during the this time included contributions to logic, set theory, abstract algebra, and the philosophy of mathematics.

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